A profession’s clientele is heterogeneous ( & , & (). The Role of Discernment and Modulation in Enacting Occupational Values: How Career Advising Professionals Navigate Tensions with Clients. Retrieved from http://journals.aom.org/doi/full/10.5465/amj.2020.1014 ) and composed of segments with different social locations and embodied experiences ( , (). Emotional Resonance, Social Location, and Strategic Framing. Sociological Focus, 37(3). 195–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2004.10571242 ) . Each person has a singular history, nourishes specific aspirations and commitments ( , & al., , , & (). A Place in the World: Vulnerability, Well-Being, and the Ubiquitous Evaluation That Animates Participation in Institutional Processes. Academy of Management Review, 47(3). 358–381. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2018.0367 ; & , & (). People, Actors, and the Humanizing of Institutional Theory. Journal of Management Studies, 57(4). 873–884. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12559 ) , and experiences unique needs, even if their needs are shaped by the social groups to which they are attached ( , (). Social emotions: Confidence, trust and loyalty. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 16(9/10). 75–96. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb013270 ) . The trust of individual clients in the expert knowledge of a profession is shaped by a felt alignment between their needs and how a profession interprets and responds to them ( , & al., , & (). How Nascent Occupations Construct a Mandate: The Case of Service Designers’ Ethos. Administrative Science Quarterly, 62(2). 270–303. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001839216665805 ; , (). To Hive or to Hold? Producing Professional Authority through Scut Work. Administrative Science Quarterly, 60(2). 263–299. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001839214560743 ) . Therefore, when a social movement frames a profession’s expert knowledge as technically irrelevant, dangerous, and/or morally corrupt, it risks undermining clients’ trust in its expert knowledge and disrupting the profession’s jurisdictional control ( , (). The crisis of expertise. Polity. ; , (). The revolt of the public and the crisis of authority in the new millennium (Second edition). Stripe Press. ) .

The disruptive framing efforts of a social movement typically rely on the experiential knowledge collectively held by its adherents, which forms a distinct epistemic basis on which to legitimize an evaluation of the profession’s work as flawed; and to promote a preferable alternative, peer-driven institutional project ( , (). What makes us a community: Reflections on building solidarity in anti-sanist praxis.. InLeFrançois, B., Menzies, R. & Reaume, G. (Eds.), Mad matters: a critical reader in Canadian mad studies.. Canadian Scholars' Press Inc. ; , (). Emotions and identity in women’s self-help movements. InStryker, S., Owens, T. & White, R. (Eds.), Self, identity, and social movements.. University of Minnesota Press. ) . Borkman ( , p. 446 (). Experiential Knowledge: A New Concept for the Analysis of Self-Help Groups. Social Service Review, 50(3). 445–456. https://doi.org/10.1086/643401 ) , a pioneering sociologist of mutual aid, has defined experiential knowledge as a “concrete, specific, and commonsensical (…) wisdom and know-how gained from personal participation in a phenomenon.” Her research indicates that a person’s experiential knowledge is validated by the “conviction that the insights learned from direct participation in a situation are truth, because the individual has faith in the validity and authority of the knowledge obtained by being part of a phenomenon” (p. 447). Research on mutual aid groups has shown that the construction of experiential knowledge is a collective, interpretive process involving peers giving meaning to their lived experiences through reciprocal sharing of first-person accounts in dedicated spaces ( , & al., , & (). Construction et reconnaissance des savoirs expérientiels des patients. Pratiques de Formation - Analyses, 2010(58-59). olivier_lv. Retrieved from https://hal.science/hal-00645113 ; , (). Patient groups and health movements. InHackett, E., Amsterdamska, O., Lynch, M. & Wajcman, J. (Eds.), The handbook of science and technology studies. (3rd ed). MIT Press : Published in cooperation with the Society for the Social Studies of Science. ) .

The social movements we have in mind are of this kind. They emerge from marginalized identity-based communities seeking to emancipate themselves from internalized conceptions of being flawed and dependencies on others, including professionals, that are taken for granted. They validate the experiential knowledge of individual clients and help clients to reinterpret their situation as being caused by societal prejudice and systemic injustice in which a profession’s expert knowledge is deeply implicated, according to movement adherents ( , (). Moving politics: emotion and act up’s fight against AIDS. The University of Chicago Press. ; , & al., , & (). Creating Emotional Resonance: Interpersonal Emotion Work and Motivational Framing in a Transgender Community. Social Problems, 51(1). 61–81. https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2004.51.1.61 ; & , & (). From shame to pride in identity politics. InStryker, S., Owens, T. & White, R. (Eds.), Self, identity, and social movements.. University of Minnesota Press. ) . Because this consciousness raising and mobilization is commonly described as a highly emotional process, we next consider how emotions lead an individual client to participate in jurisdictional contestation.